Eleanor Mast: 2021-2026

Postdoctoral Fellow - Harvard

Molecular Insight into Erythroferrone Inhibition of BMP Ligands: Understanding the Body's Iron Regulatory Circuitry

Hok, L., Walker, R. G., Howard, J. A., Mast, E. M., Kattamuri, C., Goebel, E. J. & Thompson, T. B. The crystal structure of the activin B:Fst288 complex and computational insights into the broad antagonistic activity and specificity of follistatin. bioRxiv (2025).

Mast, E. M., Leach, E. A. E. & Thompson, T. B. Characterization of erythroferrone oligomerization and its impact on BMP antagonism. Journal of Biological Chemistry 300, (2024).

Sharma, B. K., Mureb, D., Murab, S., Rosenfeldt, L., Francisco, B., Cantrell, R., Karns, R., Romick-Rosendale, L., Watanabe-Chailland, M., Mast, E. M., Flick, M. J., Whitlock, P. W. & Palumbo, J. S. Fibrinogen activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) promoting colorectal adenocarcinoma growth. J Thromb Haemost 19, 2480–2494 (2021).

James “Drew” Howard: 2020-2025

Postdoctoral Fellow - Harvard

Structural and Functional Studies of the Anti-Müllerian Hormone Procomplex

Hok, L., Walker, R. G., Howard, J. A., Mast, E. M., Kattamuri, C., Goebel, E. J. & Thompson, T. B. The crystal structure of the activin B:Fst288 complex and computational insights into the broad antagonistic activity and specificity of follistatin. bioRxiv (2025).

CR Sacha; N Nagykery; M-C Meinsohn; K De Mattos; JA Howard; H Ramadan; E Minis; L Zhang; V Fitz; K Hammer; IC Souter; TB Thompson; PK Donahoe; D Pépin. Anti-Müllerian hormone binds heat shock protein glucose-regulated protein 78 in human follicular fluid. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 42, 2449–2463 (2025)

Howard, J. A., Hok, L., Cate, R. L., Sanford, N. J., Hart, K. N., Leach, E. A. E., Bruening, A. S., Nagykery, N., Donahoe, P. K., Pépin, D. & Thompson, T. B. A divergent two-domain structure of the anti-Müllerian hormone prodomain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122, e2418088122 (2025). PDB: 9BAN, 9BAO

Stocker, W. A., Howard, J. A., Maskey, S., Luan, H., Harrison, S. G., Hart, K. N., Hok, L., Thompson, T. B., Walton, K. L. & Harrison, C. A. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms that govern anti-Müllerian hormone synthesis and activity. FASEB J 38, e23377 (2024).

Vestal, K. A., Kattamuri, C., Koyiloth, M., Ongaro, L., Howard, J. A., Deaton, A. M., Ticau, S., Dubey, A., Bernard, D. J. & Thompson, T. B. Activin E is a transforming growth factor β ligand that signals specifically through activin receptor-like kinase 7. Biochem J 481, 547–564 (2024).

Collins, M. S., Imbrogno, M. A., Kopras, E. J., Howard, J. A., Zhang, N., Kramer, E. L. & Hudock, K. M. Heterogeneity in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps from Healthy Human Subjects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, 525 (2024).

Ben Driss, L., Lian, J., Walker, R. G., Howard, J. A., Thompson, T. B., Rubin, L. L., Wagers, A. J. & Lee, R. T. GDF11 and aging biology - controversies resolved and pending. J Cardiovasc Aging 3, 42 (2023).

Howard, J. A., Hart, K. N. & Thompson, T. B. Molecular Mechanisms of AMH Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13, 927824 (2022).

Emily Kappes: 2018-2023

Scientist - Meridian Bioscience

Molecular Characterization of the Inhibin A Heterodimer and its Function as an Activin Antagonist

Kappes, E. C., Kattamuri, C., Czepnik, M., Yarawsky, A. E., Brûlé, E., Wang, Y., Ongaro, L., Herr, A. B., Walton, K. L., Bernard, D. J. & Thompson, T. B. Follistatin Forms a Stable Complex With Inhibin A That Does Not Interfere With Activin A Antagonism. Endocrinology 164, bqad017 (2023).

Goebel, E. J., Ongaro, L., Kappes, E. C., Vestal, K., Belcheva, E., Castonguay, R., Kumar, R., Bernard, D. J. & Thompson, T. B. The orphan ligand, activin C, signals through activin receptor-like kinase 7. eLife 11, e78197 (2022).

Gipson, G. R., Goebel, E. J., Hart, K. N., Kappes, E. C., Kattamuri, C., McCoy, J. C. & Thompson, T. B. Structural perspective of BMP ligands and signaling. Bone 140, 115549 (2020).

Gregory Gipson: 2017-2022

Postdoctoral Fellow - Mass. Gen

Mechanistic Insights into Understudied Components of the Extracellular Modulation of BMP Signaling

Kotikalapudi, N., Ramachandran, D., Vieira, D., Rubio, W. B., Gipson, G. R., Troncone, L., Vestal, K., Maridas, D. E., Rosen, V., Yu, P. B., Thompson, T. B. & Banks, A. S. Acute regulation of murine adipose tissue lipolysis and insulin resistance by the TGFβ superfamily protein GDF3. Nature Communications 16, 4432 (2025).

Gipson, G. R., Nolan, K., Kattamuri, C., Kenny, A. P., Agricola, Z., Edwards, N. A., Zinski, J., Czepnik, M., Mullins, M. C., Zorn, A. M. & Thompson, T. B. Formation and characterization of BMP2/GDF5 and BMP4/GDF5 heterodimers. BMC Biol 21, 16 (2023). PDB: 8E3G

Goebel, E. J., Kattamuri, C., Gipson, G. R., Krishnan, L., Chavez, M., Czepnik, M., Maguire, M. C., Grenha, R., Håkansson, M., Logan, D. T., Grinberg, A. V., Sako, D., Castonguay, R., Kumar, R. & Thompson, T. B. Structures of activin ligand traps using natural sets of type I and type II TGFβ receptors. iScience 25, 103590 (2022). PDB: 7MRZ

Rydze, R. T., Patton, B. K., Briley, S. M., Salazar Torralba, H., Gipson, G., James, R., Rajkovic, A., Thompson, T. & Pangas, S. A. Deletion of Gremlin-2 alters estrous cyclicity and disrupts female fertility in mice†. Biol Reprod 105, 1205–1220 (2021).

Gipson, G. R., Goebel, E. J., Hart, K. N., Kappes, E. C., Kattamuri, C., McCoy, J. C. & Thompson, T. B. Structural perspective of BMP ligands and signaling. Bone 140, 115549 (2020).

Gipson, G. R., Kattamuri, C., Czepnik, M. & Thompson, T. B. Characterization of the different oligomeric states of the DAN family antagonists SOSTDC1 and SOST. Biochem J 477, 3167–3182 (2020).

Kaitlin Hart: 2016-2021

Associate Scientist - Regeneron

Structural and Functional Studies of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and its Receptor

Howard, J. A., Hok, L., Cate, R. L., Sanford, N. J., Hart, K. N., Leach, E. A. E., Bruening, A. S., Nagykery, N., Donahoe, P. K., Pépin, D. & Thompson, T. B. A divergent two-domain structure of the anti-Müllerian hormone prodomain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122, e2418088122 (2025). PDB: 9BAN, 9BAO

Stocker, W. A., Howard, J. A., Maskey, S., Luan, H., Harrison, S. G., Hart, K. N., Hok, L., Thompson, T. B., Walton, K. L. & Harrison, C. A. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms that govern anti-Müllerian hormone synthesis and activity. FASEB J 38, e23377 (2024).

Howard, J. A., Hart, K. N. & Thompson, T. B. Molecular Mechanisms of AMH Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13, 927824 (2022).

Hart, K. N., Stocker, W. A., Nagykery, N. G., Walton, K. L., Harrison, C. A., Donahoe, P. K., Pépin, D. & Thompson, T. B. Structure of AMH bound to AMHR2 provides insight into a unique signaling pair in the TGF-β family. PNAS 118, (2021). PDB: 7L0J

Gipson, G. R., Goebel, E. J., Hart, K. N., Kappes, E. C., Kattamuri, C., McCoy, J. C. & Thompson, T. B. Structural perspective of BMP ligands and signaling. Bone 140, 115549 (2020).

Hart, K. N., Pépin, D., Czepnik, M., Donahoe, P. K. & Thompson, T. B. Mutational Analysis of the Putative Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Binding Interface on its Type II Receptor, AMHR2. Endocrinology 161, (2020).

Goebel, E. J., Hart, K. N., McCoy, J. C. & Thompson, T. B. Structural biology of the TGFβ family. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 244, 1530–1546 (2019).

Erich Goebel: 2015-2021

Postdoctoral Fellow - Regeneron

Insights into the Activin Class: Mechanisms of Receptor Assembly and Specificity

Hok, L., Walker, R. G., Howard, J. A., Mast, E. M., Kattamuri, C., Goebel, E. J. & Thompson, T. B. The crystal structure of the activin B:Fst288 complex and computational insights into the broad antagonistic activity and specificity of follistatin. bioRxiv (2025).

Antfolk, D., Ming, Q., Manturova, A., Goebel, E. J., Thompson, T. B. & Luca, V. C. Molecular mechanism of Activin receptor inhibition by DLK1. Nature Communications 16, 5976 (2025).

Goebel, E. J., Ongaro, L., Kappes, E. C., Vestal, K., Belcheva, E., Castonguay, R., Kumar, R., Bernard, D. J. & Thompson, T. B. The orphan ligand, activin C, signals through activin receptor-like kinase 7. eLife 11, e78197 (2022).

Goebel, E. J., Kattamuri, C., Gipson, G. R., Krishnan, L., Chavez, M., Czepnik, M., Maguire, M. C., Grenha, R., Håkansson, M., Logan, D. T., Grinberg, A. V., Sako, D., Castonguay, R., Kumar, R. & Thompson, T. B. Structures of activin ligand traps using natural sets of type I and type II TGFβ receptors. iScience 25, 103590 (2022). PDB: 7MRZ

McCoy, J. C., Goebel, E. J. & Thompson, T. B. Characterization of tolloid-mediated cleavage of the GDF8 procomplex. Biochem J (2021).

Walker, R. G., Kattamuri, C., Goebel, E. J., Zhang, F., Hammel, M., Tainer, J. A., Linhardt, R. J. & Thompson, T. B. Heparin-mediated dimerization of follistatin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 246, 467–482 (2021).

Gipson, G. R., Goebel, E. J., Hart, K. N., Kappes, E. C., Kattamuri, C., McCoy, J. C. & Thompson, T. B. Structural perspective of BMP ligands and signaling. Bone 140, 115549 (2020).

Aykul, S., Corpina, R. A., Goebel, E. J., Cunanan, C. J., Dimitriou, A., Kim, H. J., Zhang, Q., Rafique, A., Leidich, R., Wang, X., McClain, J., Jimenez, J., Nannuru, K. C., Rothman, N. J., Lees-Shepard, J. B., Martinez-Hackert, E., Murphy, A. J., Thompson, T. B., Economides, A. N. & Idone, V. Activin A forms a non-signaling complex with ACVR1 and type II Activin/BMP receptors via its finger 2 tip loop. Elife 9, (2020).

Goebel, E. J., Hart, K. N., McCoy, J. C. & Thompson, T. B. Structural biology of the TGFβ family. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 244, 1530–1546 (2019).

Goebel, E. J., Corpina, R. A., Hinck, C. S., Czepnik, M., Castonguay, R., Grenha, R., Boisvert, A., Miklossy, G., Fullerton, P. T., Matzuk, M. M., Idone, V. J., Economides, A. N., Kumar, R., Hinck, A. P. & Thompson, T. B. Structural characterization of an activin class ternary receptor complex reveals a third paradigm for receptor specificity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 15505–15513 (2019). PDB: 6MAC

Walker, R. G., Czepnik, M., Goebel, E. J., McCoy, J. C., Vujic, A., Cho, M., Oh, J., Aykul, S., Walton, K. L., Schang, G., Bernard, D. J., Hinck, A. P., Harrison, C. A., Martinez-Hackert, E., Wagers, A. J., Lee, R. T. & Thompson, T. B. Structural basis for potency differences between GDF8 and GDF11. BMC Biol. 15, 19 (2017). PDBs: 5JI1 5JHW 5UHM

Jason McCoy: 2015-2020

Senior Scientist - Lacerta Therapeutics

Molecular mechanisms of growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) latency, activation, and antagonism

McCoy, J. C., Goebel, E. J. & Thompson, T. B. Characterization of tolloid-mediated cleavage of the GDF8 procomplex. Biochem J (2021).

Gipson, G. R., Goebel, E. J., Hart, K. N., Kappes, E. C., Kattamuri, C., McCoy, J. C. & Thompson, T. B. Structural perspective of BMP ligands and signaling. Bone 140, 115549 (2020).

Goebel, E. J., Hart, K. N., McCoy, J. C. & Thompson, T. B. Structural biology of the TGFβ family. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 244, 1530–1546 (2019).

Cox, T. C., Lidral, A. C., McCoy, J. C., Liu, H., Cox, L. L., Zhu, Y., Anderson, R. D., Moreno Uribe, L. M., Anand, D., Deng, M., Richter, C. T., Nidey, N. L., Standley, J. M., Blue, E. E., Chong, J. X., Smith, J. D., Kirk, E. P., Venselaar, H., Krahn, K. N., van Bokhoven, H., Zhou, H., Cornell, R. A., Glass, I. A., Bamshad, M. J., Nickerson, D. A., Murray, J. C., Lachke, S. A., Thompson, T. B., Buckley, M. F. & Roscioli, T. Mutations in GDF11 and the extracellular antagonist, Follistatin, as a likely cause of Mendelian forms of orofacial clefting in humans. Hum Mutat 40, 1813–1825 (2019).

McCoy, J. C., Walker, R. G., Murray, N. H. & Thompson, T. B. Crystal structure of the WFIKKN2 follistatin domain reveals insight into how it inhibits growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) and GDF11. J. Biol. Chem. 294, 6333–6343 (2019). PDB: 6MAA

Cotton, T. R., Fischer, G., Wang, X., McCoy, J. C., Czepnik, M., Thompson, T. B. & Hyvönen, M. Structure of the human myostatin precursor and determinants of growth factor latency. EMBO J. 37, 367–383 (2018).

Walker, R. G., McCoy, J. C., Czepnik, M., Mills, M. J., Hagg, A., Walton, K. L., Cotton, T. R., Hyvönen, M., Lee, R. T., Gregorevic, P., Harrison, C. A. & Thompson, T. B. Molecular characterization of latent GDF8 reveals mechanisms of activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, E866–E875 (2018).

Walker, R. G., Czepnik, M., Goebel, E. J., McCoy, J. C., Vujic, A., Cho, M., Oh, J., Aykul, S., Walton, K. L., Schang, G., Bernard, D. J., Hinck, A. P., Harrison, C. A., Martinez-Hackert, E., Wagers, A. J., Lee, R. T. & Thompson, T. B. Structural basis for potency differences between GDF8 and GDF11. BMC Biol. 15, 19 (2017). PDBs: 5JI1 5JHW 5UHM

Kristof Nolan: 2011-2016

Senior Scientist - AstraZeneca

Insights into the Molecular Determinants Required for DAN-family Mediated Inhibition of BMP Signaling

Gipson, G. R., Nolan, K., Kattamuri, C., Kenny, A. P., Agricola, Z., Edwards, N. A., Zinski, J., Czepnik, M., Mullins, M. C., Zorn, A. M. & Thompson, T. B. Formation and characterization of BMP2/GDF5 and BMP4/GDF5 heterodimers. BMC Biol 21, 16 (2023). PDB: 8E3G

Bylund, J. B., Trinh, L. T., Awgulewitsch, C. P., Paik, D. T., Jetter, C., Jha, R., Zhang, J., Nolan, K., Xu, C., Thompson, T. B., Kamp, T. J. & Hatzopoulos, A. K. Coordinated Proliferation and Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells Depend on Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Regulation by GREMLIN 2. Stem Cells Dev. 26, 678–693 (2017).

Kattamuri, C., Nolan, K. & Thompson, T. B. Analysis and identification of the Grem2 heparin/heparan sulfate-binding motif. Biochem. J. 474, 1093–1107 (2017).

Nolan, K., Kattamuri, C., Rankin, S. A., Read, R. J., Zorn, A. M. & Thompson, T. B. Structure of Gremlin-2 in Complex with GDF5 Gives Insight into DAN-Family-Mediated BMP Antagonism. Cell Rep 16, 2077–2086 (2016). PDB: 5HK5

Sanders, L. N., Schoenhard, J. A., Saleh, M. A., Mukherjee, A., Ryzhov, S., McMaster, W. G., Nolan, K., Gumina, R. J., Thompson, T. B., Magnuson, M. A., Harrison, D. G. & Hatzopoulos, A. K. BMP Antagonist Gremlin 2 Limits Inflammation After Myocardial Infarction. Circ. Res. 119, 434–449 (2016).

Nolan, K., Kattamuri, C., Luedeke, D. M., Angerman, E. B., Rankin, S. A., Stevens, M. L., Zorn, A. M. & Thompson, T. B. Structure of neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 (NBL1): insights for the functional variability across bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 4759–4771 (2015). PDB: 4X1J

Nolan, K. & Thompson, T. B. The DAN family: modulators of TGF-β signaling and beyond. Protein Sci. 23, 999–1012 (2014).

Nolan, K., Kattamuri, C., Luedeke, D. M., Deng, X., Jagpal, A., Zhang, F., Linhardt, R. J., Kenny, A. P., Zorn, A. M. & Thompson, T. B. Structure of protein related to Dan and Cerberus: insights into the mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein antagonism. Structure 21, 1417–1429 (2013). PDB: 4JPH

Kattamuri, C., Luedeke, D. M., Nolan, K., Rankin, S. A., Greis, K. D., Zorn, A. M. & Thompson, T. B. Members of the DAN family are BMP antagonists that form highly stable noncovalent dimers. J. Mol. Biol. 424, 313–327 (2012).

Cash, J. N., Angerman, E. B., Kattamuri, C., Nolan, K., Zhao, H., Sidis, Y., Keutmann, H. T. & Thompson, T. B. Structure of myostatin·follistatin-like 3: N-terminal domains of follistatin-type molecules exhibit alternate modes of binding. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 1043–1053 (2012). PDB: 3SEK

Ryan Walker: 2011-2016

Structural and biochemical studies on ligands and antagonists within the transforming growth factor ß family

Hok, L., Walker, R. G., Howard, J. A., Mast, E. M., Kattamuri, C., Goebel, E. J. & Thompson, T. B. The crystal structure of the activin B:Fst288 complex and computational insights into the broad antagonistic activity and specificity of follistatin. bioRxiv (2025).

Walker RG, Kato T, Ben Driss L, Williams SA, Hinterberg MA, Janjic N, Gelinas AD, Carpenter MA, Kattamuri C, Walter JE, Mueller C, Mendello KR, Gordon JV, Walker KA, Coresh J, Bhasin S, Rubin LL, Wagers AJ, Thompson TB, Ganz P, Lee RT. Activated GDF11/8 subforms predict cardiovascular events and mortality in humans. Nat. Commun. 16, 6534 (2025).

Ben Driss, L., Lian, J., Walker, R. G., Howard, J. A., Thompson, T. B., Rubin, L. L., Wagers, A. J. & Lee, R. T. GDF11 and aging biology - controversies resolved and pending. J Cardiovasc Aging 3, 42 (2023).

Lian, J., Walker, R. G., D’Amico, A., Vujic, A., Mills, M. J., Messemer, K. A., Mendello, K. R., Goldstein, J. M., Leacock, K. A., Epp, S., Stimpfl, E. V., Thompson, T. B., Wagers, A. J. & Lee, R. T. Functional substitutions of amino acids that differ between GDF11 and GDF8 impact skeletal development and skeletal muscle. Life Sci Alliance 6, e202201662 (2023).

Walker, R. G., Kattamuri, C., Goebel, E. J., Zhang, F., Hammel, M., Tainer, J. A., Linhardt, R. J. & Thompson, T. B. Heparin-mediated dimerization of follistatin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 246, 467–482 (2021).

McCoy, J. C., Walker, R. G., Murray, N. H. & Thompson, T. B. Crystal structure of the WFIKKN2 follistatin domain reveals insight into how it inhibits growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) and GDF11. J. Biol. Chem. 294, 6333–6343 (2019). PDB: 6MAA

Walker, R. G. & Thompson, T. B. New Insight Into Hyperemesis Gravidarum and a Potential Role for GDF15. Endocrinology 159, 2698–2700 (2018).

Walker, R. G., McCoy, J. C., Czepnik, M., Mills, M. J., Hagg, A., Walton, K. L., Cotton, T. R., Hyvönen, M., Lee, R. T., Gregorevic, P., Harrison, C. A. & Thompson, T. B. Molecular characterization of latent GDF8 reveals mechanisms of activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, E866–E875 (2018).

Melchior, J. T., Walker, R. G., Cooke, A. L., Morris, J., Castleberry, M., Thompson, T. B., Jones, M. K., Song, H. D., Rye, K.-A., Oda, M. N., Sorci-Thomas, M. G., Thomas, M. J., Heinecke, J. W., Mei, X., Atkinson, D., Segrest, J. P., Lund-Katz, S., Phillips, M. C. & Davidson, W. S. A consensus model of human apolipoprotein A-I in its monomeric and lipid-free state. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 24, 1093–1099 (2017).

Walker, R. G., Czepnik, M., Goebel, E. J., McCoy, J. C., Vujic, A., Cho, M., Oh, J., Aykul, S., Walton, K. L., Schang, G., Bernard, D. J., Hinck, A. P., Harrison, C. A., Martinez-Hackert, E., Wagers, A. J., Lee, R. T. & Thompson, T. B. Structural basis for potency differences between GDF8 and GDF11. BMC Biol. 15, 19 (2017). PDBs: 5JI1 5JHW 5UHM

Walker, R. G., Poggioli, T., Katsimpardi, L., Buchanan, S. M., Oh, J., Wattrus, S., Heidecker, B., Fong, Y. W., Rubin, L. L., Ganz, P., Thompson, T. B., Wagers, A. J. & Lee, R. T. Biochemistry and Biology of GDF11 and Myostatin: Similarities, Differences, and Questions for Future Investigation. Circ. Res. 118, 1125–1141; discussion 1142 (2016).

Melchior, J. T., Walker, R. G., Morris, J., Jones, M. K., Segrest, J. P., Lima, D. B., Carvalho, P. C., Gozzo, F. C., Castleberry, M., Thompson, T. B. & Davidson, W. S. An Evaluation of the Crystal Structure of C-terminal Truncated Apolipoprotein A-I in Solution Reveals Structural Dynamics Related to Lipid Binding. J. Biol. Chem. 291, 5439–5451 (2016).

Poggioli, T., Vujic, A., Yang, P., Macias-Trevino, C., Uygur, A., Loffredo, F. S., Pancoast, J. R., Cho, M., Goldstein, J., Tandias, R. M., Gonzalez, E., Walker, R. G., Thompson, T. B., Wagers, A. J., Fong, Y. W. & Lee, R. T. Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 11/8 Levels Decline With Age. Circ. Res. 118, 29–37 (2016).

Li, N., Yang, Q., Walker, R. G., Thompson, T. B., Du, M. & Rodgers, B. D. Myostatin Attenuation In Vivo Reduces Adiposity, but Activates Adipogenesis. Endocrinology 157, 282–291 (2016).

Walker, R. G. & Thompson, T. B. Fibronectin-based scaffold domain proteins that bind myostatin: a patent evaluation of WO2014043344. Expert Opin Ther Pat 25, 619–624 (2015).

Deng, X., Walker, R. G., Morris, J., Davidson, W. S. & Thompson, T. B. Role of Conserved Proline Residues in Human Apolipoprotein A-IV Structure and Function. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 10689–10702 (2015).

Walker, R. G., Angerman, E. B., Kattamuri, C., Lee, Y.-S., Lee, S.-J. & Thompson, T. B. Alternative binding modes identified for growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein (GASP) family antagonism of myostatin. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 7506–7516 (2015).

Rodgers, B. D., Wiedeback, B. D., Hoversten, K. E., Jackson, M. F., Walker, R. G. & Thompson, T. B. Myostatin stimulates, not inihibits, C2C12 myoblast proliferation. Endocrinology 155, 670–675 (2014).

Walker, R. G., Deng, X., Melchior, J. T., Morris, J., Tso, P., Jones, M. K., Segrest, J. P., Thompson, T. B. & Davidson, W. S. The structure of human apolipoprotein A-IV as revealed by stable isotope-assisted cross-linking, molecular dynamics, and small angle x-ray scattering. J. Biol. Chem. 289, 5596–5608 (2014).

Zhang, F., Beaudet, J. M., Luedeke, D. M., Walker, R. G., Thompson, T. B. & Linhardt, R. J. Analysis of the interaction between heparin and follistatin and heparin and follistatin-ligand complexes using surface plasmon resonance. Biochemistry 51, 6797–6803 (2012).

Xiaodi 'Andy' Deng: 2007-2013

Senior Director - Xiara Therapeutics

Apolipoprotein A-IV Structural Determination and Biophysical Characterization

Deng, X., Walker, R. G., Morris, J., Davidson, W. S. & Thompson, T. B. Role of Conserved Proline Residues in Human Apolipoprotein A-IV Structure and Function. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 10689–10702 (2015).

Walker, R. G., Deng, X., Melchior, J. T., Morris, J., Tso, P., Jones, M. K., Segrest, J. P., Thompson, T. B. & Davidson, W. S. The structure of human apolipoprotein A-IV as revealed by stable isotope-assisted cross-linking, molecular dynamics, and small angle x-ray scattering. J. Biol. Chem. 289, 5596–5608 (2014).

Nolan, K., Kattamuri, C., Luedeke, D. M., Deng, X., Jagpal, A., Zhang, F., Linhardt, R. J., Kenny, A. P., Zorn, A. M. & Thompson, T. B. Structure of protein related to Dan and Cerberus: insights into the mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein antagonism. Structure 21, 1417–1429 (2013). PDB: 4JPH

Deng, X., Morris, J., Chaton, C., Schröder, G. F., Davidson, W. S. & Thompson, T. B. Small-angle X-ray scattering of apolipoprotein A-IV reveals the importance of its termini for structural stability. J. Biol. Chem. 288, 4854–4866 (2013).

Deng, X., Morris, J., Dressmen, J., Tubb, M. R., Tso, P., Jerome, W. G., Davidson, W. S. & Thompson, T. B. The structure of dimeric apolipoprotein A-IV and its mechanism of self-association. Structure 20, 767–779 (2012). PDB: 3S84

Deng, X., Davidson, W. S. & Thompson, T. B. Improving the diffraction of apoA-IV crystals through extreme dehydration. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. 68, 105–110 (2012).

Jennifer Cash: 2005-2011

Assistant Professor - University of California, Davis

Structural and Biochemical Insights into Myostatin Regulation

Cash, J. N., Angerman, E. B., Kirby, R. J., Merck, L., Seibel, W. L., Wortman, M. D., Papoian, R., Nelson, S. & Thompson, T. B. Development of a small-molecule screening method for inhibitors of cellular response to myostatin and activin A. J Biomol Screen 18, 837–844 (2013).

Cash, J. N., Angerman, E. B., Keutmann, H. T. & Thompson, T. B. Characterization of follistatin-type domains and their contribution to myostatin and activin A antagonism. Mol. Endocrinol. 26, 1167–1178 (2012).

Cash, J. N., Angerman, E. B., Kattamuri, C., Nolan, K., Zhao, H., Sidis, Y., Keutmann, H. T. & Thompson, T. B. Structure of myostatin·follistatin-like 3: N-terminal domains of follistatin-type molecules exhibit alternate modes of binding. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 1043–1053 (2012). PDB: 3SEK

Cash, J. N., Rejon, C. A., McPherron, A. C., Bernard, D. J. & Thompson, T. B. The structure of myostatin:follistatin 288: insights into receptor utilization and heparin binding. EMBO J. 28, 2662–2676 (2009). PDB: 3HH2